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The was a that claimed descent from the branch of the , who were in turn descendants of . Serata (Nitta) Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai clan and the , which the Sakai later served. In the , under Tokugawa Ieyasu (who was the head of what was formerly the main family line), the Sakai became chief retainers. In the , because of their longstanding service to the , the Sakai were classified as a family, in contrast with the ("outsider clans").

Clan branches and histories
The fudai Sakai clan originated in 14th century . They claim descent from Minamoto no Arichika. Arichika had two sons; one of them, Yasuchika, took the name of Matsudaira, while the other son, Chikauji, took the name of Sakai. Chikauji is the ancestor of the Sakai clan. Sakai Hirochika, Chikauji's son, had two sons as well, and the descendants of these two sons gave rise to the two principal branches of the clan.. (1906). Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Sakai" at Nobiliare du Japon, pp. 50-51; retrieved 8 August 2013. The senior branch was founded by (1527–1596). Tadatsugu, a vassal of , was charged with the defense of in Mikawa Province. In 1578, Sakai Ietsugu (1564–1619) succeeded to his father's role as defender of Yoshida Castle. The Ie- in the beginning of Ietsugu's name was a special honor bestowed by Tokugawa Ieyasu, who intended to emphasize bonds of loyalty with those who were allowed to share in any part of his name.
(1995). 9781873410424, Psychology Press. .
When Ieyasu's holdings were transferred to the Kantō region in 1590, Ietsugu was installed at Usui Domain (30,000 ) in Kōzuke Province, but, in 1604, he was moved to (50,000 koku). In 1616, he was again moved to (100,000 koku), this time in . In 1619, he was moved to Matsushiro Domain in ; and then, from 1622 to 1868, he was installed at Tsuruoka Domain (120,000 koku) in . The Sakai of Tsuruoka (which later grew to 170,000 koku) in Dewa Province were prominent in the late Edo period as a military power. Charged with the safety of , they were patrons of the Shinsengumi police force, and were very effective in their duties. Following the surrender of Edo, the Sakai withdrew and returned north to their domain, where they were active in the northern theater of the , as well as becoming signatories to the pact that created the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei in 1868. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Count" in the Meiji period.Papinot, p. 50.

A cadet branch was created in 1647. These Sakai were installed from 1647 through 1868 at Matsumine Domain (20,000 koku) in ; the castle at Matsumine was constructed in 1779. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.

Another cadet branch was founded by Sakai Masachika (+1576). Vassal of the Tokugawa – Tokugawa Nobutada, Tokugawa Kiyoyasu and Tokugawa Hirotada. In 1561, he was installed at in Mikawa Province, and the security of the castle was confided in him. In 1590, Sakai Shigetada, the son of Masachika, received the (15,000 koku) in ; then in 1601, he was installed at Umayabashi Domain (35,000 koku) in Kōzuke Province.Papinot, p. 51.

In 1749, the descendants of (1626–1681) were transferred to (150,000 koku) in ; and they remained daimyō at Himeji until the . This cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1590. The head of this clan line was first ennobled as a "Count" and in the Meiji period.

Yet another cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1668, These Sakai were installed from 1668 through 1868 at (12,000 koku) in Awa Province. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.

A further cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1681, These Sakai were installed in 1681 through 1868 at Isezaki Domain (20,000 koku) in Kōzuke Province. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.

(1562–1627) received the fief of (10,000 koku) in in 1601; then his holding was transferred in 1609 to (30,000 koku) in Musashi province.

(1587–1662) was installed in 1634 through 1868 at (103,500 koku) in . This cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1590. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Count" in the Meiji period.

Finally, another cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1682. These Sakai were installed in 1682 through 1868 at (10,000 koku) in Echizen Province. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.

Family heads
Shōnai
  • (1527–1596)
  • Sakai Tadakatsu (1594–1647)
  • Sakai Tadamasa
  • Sakai Tadayoshi

  • Sakai Tadazane
  • Sakai Tadayori
  • Sakai Tadaatsu
  • Sakai Tadaari
  • Sakai Tadakata

  • Sakai Tadaaki
  • Sakai Tadatomo
  • Sakai Tadazumi
  • Sakai Tadamichi

Dewa-Matsuyama (branch of the Shonai Domain)
  • Sakai Tadatsune
  • Sakai Tadayasu
  • Sakai Tadayoshi

  • Sakai Tadataka
  • Sakai Tadanori
  • Sakai Tadamichi

  • Sakai Tadayoshi
  • Sakai Tadamasa

Tsuruga
  • Sakai Tadashige
  • Sakai Tadagiku
  • Sakai Tadatake

  • Sakai Tadaka
  • Sakai Tadanobu
  • Sakai Tadae

  • Sakai Tadamasu
  • Sakai Tadatsune

  • (1791–1853)
  • (1813–1873; formerly Tadayoshi)Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868, p. 339.
  • Sakai Tadauji (1835–1876)
  • (1813–1873)

Himeji
Maebashi domain
The successive leaders at were:

  • (1549–1617)
  • Sakai Tadayo (1572–1636)
  • Sakai Tadayuki (1599–1636)

  • (1626–1681)
  • Sakai Tadataka (Maebashi) (1648–1720)
  • Sakai Tadami (1667–1708)

  • Sakai Chikayoshi (1694–1733)
  • Sakai Chikamoto (1705–1731)

Himeji domain
The successive leaders at were:

  • Sakai Tadazumi (Himeji) (1710–1772)
  • Sakai Tadazane (1756–1790)
  • Sakai Tadahiro (1777–1837)
  • Sakai Tadamitsu (1779–1848)

  • Sakai Tadanori (1809–1844)
  • Sakai Tadatomi (1829–1853)
  • Sakai Tadateru (1836–1860)
  • (1827–1895)

  • Sakai Tadatoshi (1839–1907)
  • Sakai Tadakuni (1854–1879)

Notable members

Further reading

External links

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